Toplu UPDATE — Veritabanı Değişti, Nesnen Neden Haberi Yok?

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@Entity
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@Table(name = "accounts")
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@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
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class Account {
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    @Id
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    private Long id;
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    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
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    private AccountStatus status;
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    private String nickname;
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    private LocalDate lastActivity;
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    @Version
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    private long version;              // a bulk UPDATE will not bump this by itself
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    @LastModifiedDate
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    private Instant updatedAt;         // nor fill this
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    protected Account() {
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    }
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    void rename(String nickname) {
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        this.nickname = nickname;
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    }
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    AccountStatus status() {
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        return status;
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    }
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}

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interface AccountRepository extends JpaRepository<Account, Long> {
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    // flushAutomatically: pending changes reach the database before the UPDATE.
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    // clearAutomatically: afterwards no stale Account stays managed.
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    @Modifying(flushAutomatically = true, clearAutomatically = true)
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    @Query("""
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            update Account a
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               set a.status = com.bank.account.AccountStatus.DORMANT,
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                   a.version = a.version + 1,
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                   a.updatedAt = :now
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             where a.status = com.bank.account.AccountStatus.ACTIVE
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               and a.lastActivity < :cutoff
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            """)
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    int markDormant(LocalDate cutoff, Instant now);
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}

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@Service
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class DormancyJob {
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    private final AccountRepository accounts;
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    private final Clock clock;
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    DormancyJob(AccountRepository accounts, Clock clock) {
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        this.accounts = accounts;
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        this.clock = clock;
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    }
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    @Transactional
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    public int run() {
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        LocalDate cutoff = LocalDate.now(clock).minusYears(1);
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        int changed = accounts.markDormant(cutoff, clock.instant());
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        // The context was cleared: anything read from here on comes from the database.
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        return changed;
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    }
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}

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@DataJpaTest
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@Sql("/accounts-one-active.sql")    // account 7: ACTIVE, last activity in 2024
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class BulkUpdateStaleTest {
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    @Autowired AccountRepository accounts;
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    @Autowired TestEntityManager em;
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    @Test
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    void afterTheBulkUpdateTheAccountIsReadFresh() {
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        Account seven = accounts.findById(7L).orElseThrow();
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        assertThat(seven.status()).isEqualTo(AccountStatus.ACTIVE);
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        accounts.markDormant(LocalDate.of(2026, 1, 1), Instant.parse("2026-10-02T02:00:00Z"));
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        // clearAutomatically detached 'seven'; this find goes to the database.
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        assertThat(accounts.findById(7L).orElseThrow().status()).isEqualTo(AccountStatus.DORMANT);
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    }
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}